What was missed in child protection responses during COVID-19? Perceptions of professionals from various countries.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic increased the likelihood of child maltreatment and made already difficult circumstances for children and their families much worse. This increased the significance of the child protection system's role in responding to child maltreatment and ensuring children's rights, including their right to a safe life without violence. Unfortunately, accumulating evidence has indicated that the rates of child maltreatment increased during the pandemic. OBJECTIVE: The current study sought to identify the gaps within child protection responses in various countries during the COVID-19 pandemic and to discover how we can respond to crises in the future while preserving children's rights, including their right to protection from maltreatment. METHOD: Five focus groups with a total of 47 professionals working with children from various countries were conducted via Zoom and analyzed using a thematic approach. RESULTS: Three main themes were identified: 1) gaps in policies, 2) gaps in practice, and 3) professionals' messages to improve policy and practice. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes what was missed in child protection policy and practice, highlighting the continuous neglect of children's needs and voices within policies, practices and guidelines worldwide during the pandemic. Professionals' recommendations for policy and practice are also discussed.

The remote work of child protection professionals during COVID-19: A scoping review and thematic analysis.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic created new challenges and barriers for the work of child protection professionals (CPPs) and intensified existing hardships for families and children, increasing the risk of child maltreatment. As new restrictions and precautions were implemented by governments worldwide to stop the virus from spreading, CPPs had to adapt to a new reality of working remotely. However, limited research has investigated how remote work impacted CPPs and child protection work and how CPPs handled this alternative work style. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to address gaps in the research to reveal the creative and effective approaches CPPs developed to overcome the challenges presented by COVID-19, defined as the 'positive legacy' of CPPs, particularly in adapting to remote work challenges. METHOD: This review was conducted using a scoping review, followed by two rounds of thematic analysis. The scoping review was conducted in six languages: Hebrew, Arabic, French, Portuguese, Spanish, and English. RESULTS: The first round of thematic analysis found 18 articles relevant to this review. The second round extracted two main themes: 1) the challenges of remote work and 2) overcoming the challenges of no contact. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this review may be used to inform future strategies for child protection during a pandemic. They also provide an opportunity to rethink the relationship child protection work has with technology to systematically reform current and future protection policies and practices, including outside of a pandemic.

Experiences and responses of child protection professionals during COVID-19: Lessons learned from professionals around the globe.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 significantly worsened already challenging circumstances for children and their families and globally increased the likelihood of child maltreatment. This risk heightened the urgency of child protection professionals in preventing child maltreatment and defending children's rights. The vast and growing body of research on protecting children from child maltreatment during COVID-19 has emphasized practitioners' tremendous difficulty in this arena. OBJECTIVE: The current international study sought to identify the experiences and responses of child protection professionals to child maltreatment during COVID-19. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Five real-time, virtual focus groups were conducted among professionals who work with children from countries around the globe. METHOD: Reflexive thematic analysis was employed to analyze the focus group transcripts. RESULTS: The participants identified their experiences and challenges in performing their role of protecting children. Additionally, they shared context-adapted and innovative responses to child maltreatment, while emphasizing self-care and their mental health. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlighted that child protection was significantly more challenging during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, they underlined the importance of establishing practices and policies for child protection in crisis times as well as ensuring both children's and professionals' well-being and mental health.

Child protective services and out-of-home Care for Children during COVID-19: A scoping review and thematic analysis.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic challenged child protection and posed new risks for child maltreatment (CM). Moreover, governmental efforts worldwide prioritized mitigating the spread of the virus over ensuring the welfare and protection of families and children. This neglect caused hardship for many vulnerable children, including those in out-of-home care (OOHC), and challenged the functionality of child protective services (CPS). However, only limited research has investigated the impact of COVID-19 on OOHC and CPS and explored how CPS overcame the challenges of helping children in OOHC. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to address this gap in the research to unveil the 'positive legacy' left by CPS in their work with children in OOHC during COVID-19. METHOD: This review utilized three stages of analysis, including a scoping review followed by two rounds of thematic analysis. The scoping review was carried out in six languages: English, Hebrew, Arabic, French, Portuguese, and Spanish. The first round of thematic analysis found eight relevant articles for this review. The second round of thematic analysis found three themes related to this paper's aim in the context of COVID-19. RESULTS: Three main themes were identified: 1) decision-making and OOHC, 2) difficulties in procedures related to OOHC placement, and 3) handling challenges of OOHC. CONCLUSIONS: The discussion emphasizes the crucial role of preserving children's rights, hearing their voices and needs, and considering their safety and well-being when planning policies and practices to protect them. It also emphasizes society's responsibility to acknowledge contextual factors in child protection.

The global impact of COVID-19 on child protection professionals: A scoping review and thematic analysis.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered new risks for child maltreatment (CM) and exacerbated existing challenges for families and children, elevating the importance of child protection professionals (CPPs) while also adding barriers to their work. During the pandemic, many CPPs experienced increased workloads, a disrupted work environment, and personal pandemic-related hardships. However, the scope of how COVID-19 impacted CPPs globally, as well as their adopted coping strategies, have not been well explored. OBJECTIVE: This study addresses these gaps in the research by conducting an international scoping review to explore and analyze these topics. METHOD: The scoping review was performed in six languages: English, Hebrew, Arabic, French, Spanish, and Portuguese, across 16 databases. Sixteen manuscripts were included in the final thematic analysis of this review. RESULTS: Two main themes were identified: 1) the impact of COVID-19 on CPPs, and 2) the coping and adaptation strategies employed by CPPs during COVID-19. This review revealed and emphasized the importance of CPPs' resilience during COVID-19, underpinned by the theoretical framework of the social ecology of resilience. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the responsibility of social ecologies and organizational structures to create readiness for a rapid response in times of crisis as well as valuable evidence to inform how CPPs, children, and families may be better supported in the event of a future crisis.

Technologies and Mental Health in University Students: An Unhealthy Combination

Abstract Introduction The exposure of medical students to a full-time schedule that includes classes, extracurricular activities, patients' lives responsibility, and great competition between classmates can interfere in emotional issues and in the sleep time. Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sleep quality, and the incidence of anxiety and depression in medical school undergraduates as well as the relationship of these parameters with the intense use of technologies. Methods Fifty-five medical school undergraduates in their second year participated in the present study, answering questionnaires to evaluate sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index - PSQI), night-time use of technology (sleep time-related information and communication technology - STRICT), and signs of anxiety or depression (hospital anxiety and depression scale - HADS). Results The results showed 31 students (56.4%) with poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5). Based on the STRICT questionnaire, 36 (65.4%) of the participants referred to making use of technology at night-time; and 34 (61.8%) students had compatible anxiety score, while 14 (25.4%) had a compatible score for depression on the HADS questionnaire. There has been a correlation between poor sleep quality, the abuse of technologies before sleep time, and the presence of anxiety or depression. Conclusion The abuse of technology before sleep time reduced the sleep quality in the studied population, besides increasing the symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Technologies and Mental Health in University Students: An Unhealthy Combination.

Introduction The exposure of medical students to a full-time schedule that includes classes, extracurricular activities, patients' lives responsibility, and great competition between classmates can interfere in emotional issues and in the sleep time. Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the sleep quality, and the incidence of anxiety and depression in medical school undergraduates as well as the relationship of these parameters with the intense use of technologies. Methods Fifty-five medical school undergraduates in their second year participated in the present study, answering questionnaires to evaluate sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index - PSQI), night-time use of technology (sleep time-related information and communication technology - STRICT), and signs of anxiety or depression (hospital anxiety and depression scale - HADS). Results The results showed 31 students (56.4%) with poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5). Based on the STRICT questionnaire, 36 (65.4%) of the participants referred to making use of technology at night-time; and 34 (61.8%) students had compatible anxiety score, while 14 (25.4%) had a compatible score for depression on the HADS questionnaire. There has been a correlation between poor sleep quality, the abuse of technologies before sleep time, and the presence of anxiety or depression. Conclusion The abuse of technology before sleep time reduced the sleep quality in the studied population, besides increasing the symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Intervenção com policiais militares sobre violência contra o parceiro íntimo / Intervención con la policía sobre la violencia de parejas / Intervention with police officers about intimate partner violence

A importância do atendimento dos policiais em casos de violência contra o parceiro íntimo é inegável. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar uma intervenção breve com policiais da cidade de Curitiba sobre a violência contra o parceiro íntimo. Participaram da pesquisa 134 policiais, divididos em grupos controle (n = 76) e intervenção (n = 58), e os últimos receberam quatro sessões sobre as definições de violência contra o parceiro íntimo, ciclo da violência e intervenção a crise. Todos os participantes responderam a questões sociodemográficas, à Escala de Percepção sobre o Apoio à Vítima de Violência Doméstica e ao Questionário de Crenças sobre a Violência Intrafamiliar. Os resultados apontam a ausência de mudanças significativas nos escores gerais dos instrumentos entre o pré e o pós-teste para ambos os grupos. Questões pontuais apresentaram melhoras significativas no instrumento de crenças. Pesquisas futuras devem verificar formas de intervenção efetivas com policiais no início da carreira policial.

The importance of the police in cases of intimate partner violence is undeniable. The objective of the present study was to evaluate a brief training for police officers of the city of Curitiba on intimate partner violence. A total of 134 police officers, divided into control (n = 76) and intervention (n = 58) groups, participated in the study. The latter underwent four sessions about definitions of intimate partner violence, the cycle of violence, and crisis intervention. All participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Perception Scale on Domestic Violence Victim Support, and the Questionnaire of Beliefs on Domestic Violence. The results indicate the absence of significant changes in the general scores of the instruments between pre- and post-test for both groups. Three questions presented significant improvements in the Questionnaire of Beliefs on Domestic Violence. Future research should continue to test effective forms of police trainings at the beginning of their careers.

La importancia de ayudar a los agentes de policía en casos de violencia de parejas es innegable. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar una breve intervención con agentes de policía de Curitiba sobre la violencia de parejas. Participaron 134 policías, divididos en grupos control (n = 76) e intervención (n = 58), el último de los cuales recibió cuatro sesiones sobre las definiciones de violencia e intervención em crisis. Todos los participantes respondieron preguntas sociodemográficas, la Escala de Percepción sobre el Apoyo de la Víctima de Violencia Doméstica y el Cuestionario sobre Creencias en la Violencia Doméstica. Los resultados apuntan la ausencia de cambios significativos en las puntuaciones generales de los instrumentos entre las pruebas previas y posteriores para ambos grupos. Las preguntas puntuales mostraron mejoras significativas en el instrumento de creencias. La investigación futura debería buscar formas efectivas de intervención con los agentes de policía al principio de sus carreras policiales.

Avaliação de Crenças sobre Violência no Namoro (ACVN): Um Novo Instrumento Brasileiro / Evaluation of Attitudes on Dating Violence (EADV): A New Brazilian Instrument / Evaluación de Actitudes sobre la Violencia en el Noviazgo (EADV): Un Nuevo Instrumento Brasileño

Resumo As pesquisas sobre violência no namoro são desafiadoras pela falta de instrumentos validados na população brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar propriedades psicométricas do instrumento Avaliação de Crenças sobre Violência no Namoro (ACVN). A amostra foi composta por 1.027 estudantes universitários das 5 regiões brasileiras, com idade média de 22,5 anos (DP = 3,7), que responderam 39 itens. Uma Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) foi utilizada em 513 respostas, estabelecendo 3 dimensões com boa consistência interna: Violência Psicológica e Física (α = 0,85), Empatia (α = 0,78) e Stalking (α = 0,87). Uma análise fatorial confirmatória com 514 participantes apresentou adequação. Os resultados demonstram a adequação do instrumento e a possibilidade de uso para população brasileira em pesquisas e intervenções.

Abstract Lack of assessment tools for the Brazilian population is a challenge regarding dating violence. Aim of this study was to analyze psychometric properties of the instrument Evaluation of attitudes on dating violence (EADV). Sample comprised 1,027 university students from five Brazilian regions with a mean age of 22.5 years (SD = 3.7) who answered 39 items. An Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) was used with 513 participants establishing three dimensions with good internal consistency (Psychological and Physical Violence (α = 0.85), Empathy (α = 0.78), Stalking (α = 0.87)). A confirmatory factorial analysis with 514 participants showed adequate results. Results show the scale reliability and adequacy to its use with the Brazilian population on research and intervention.

Resumen Investigaciones sobre violencia en noviazgo es desafiada por la falta de herramientas de evaluación validadas para la población brasileña. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento Evaluación de actitudes sobre violencia de pareja (EADV). La muestra consistió en 1.027 estudiantes universitarios de cinco regiones brasileñas con edad media de 22.5 años (DE = 3.7) que respondieron 39 ítems. Se utilizó análisis gráfico exploratorio (EGA) con 513 participantes estableciendo tres dimensiones con buena consistencia interna (violencia psicológica y física (α = 0.85), empatía (α = 0.78), stalking (α = 0.87)). Análisis factorial confirmatorio con 514 participantes mostró resultados adecuados. Los resultados demuestran la adecuación del instrumento y la posibilidad de uso para la población brasileña en investigaciones e intervenciones.

Uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre os erros de percepção sexual / An integrative review of the literature on sexual perception errors / Una revisión bibliográfica integradora sobre errores de percepción sexual

(AU)A Psicologia tem buscado compreender como ocorrem os processos de interesse e percepção sexual, contudo essa área ainda carece de estudos. Buscando compreender o estado da arte da área dos erros de percepção sexual, esta pesquisa realizou uma revisão integrativa da literatura utilizando o termo "sexual misperception" obtido do APA Thesaurus. Foram pesquisadas as bases PsycNet, Pubmed, Web of Science™, Lilacs, Wiley e Sage Journals. Foram obtidos, ao final dos processos de inclusão e exclusão, 19 artigos. Foi observada uma concentração das pesquisas nos Estados Unidos, com foco nas diferenças de gênero na percepção sexual. Outras variáveis investigadas estavam relacionadas ao consumo de álcool e comportamentos violentos. Os resultados apontam para poucas pesquisas realizadas nos contextos concretos e com elevada utilização de amostras WEIRD (ocidentais, com alto grau de alto escolaridade, de sociedades industrializadas, ricas e democráticas), as quais devem inspirar estudos em outras realidades. (AU)

Psychology tries to understand how the processes of sexual interest and perception occur however this area still needs further investigation. Focusing on understanding the state of the art in the field of ​​sexual perception errors, we carried out a systematic review of the literature using the term sexual misperception obtained from the APA Thesaurus. We reviewed the following databases; PsycNET, PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Wiley, and Sage Journals. After the inclusion and exclusion processes, we obtained 19 articles. Most studies were performed in the United States, with a focus on gender differences in sexual perception. Other variables investigated were alcohol consumption and violent behavior. We identified a small number of studies carried out in real contexts, using exclusively WEIRD (white, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) samples, which should inspire studies in other realities. (AU)

La psicología ha buscado comprender cómo ocurren los procesos de interés y percepción sexual, sin embargo, esta área aún carece de estudios. Buscando comprender el estado del arte en el campo de los errores de percepción sexual, esta investigación llevó a cabo una revisión integradora de la literatura, utilizando el término sexual misperception obtenido del APA Thesauros. Se realizaron búsquedas en las siguientes bases de datos: PsycNet, Pubmed, Web of Science ™, Lilacs, Wiley y Sage Journals. Al finalizar los procesos de inclusión y exclusión, se obtuvieron 19 artículos. Se observó una concentración de investigación en los Estados Unidos con enfoque en las diferencias de género en la percepción sexual. Otras variables investigadas fueron el consumo de alcohol y el comportamiento violento. Se identificó un pequeño número de investigaciones realizadas en contextos reales y con alto uso de muestras WEIRD (occidentales, con alto grado de educación, sociedades industrializadas, ricas y democráticas), que deberían inspirar estudios en otras realidades. (AU)

[Evidence of the validity of a Brazilian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale]. / Evidências de validade de uma versão brasileira da Fear of COVID-19 Scale.

This study sought to analyze the evidence of the validity of a Brazilian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), based on indicators relating to: (1) the internal structure; (2) the internal consistency; (3) the relation with external variables; and (4) the content. The instrument was culturally adapted, focusing on semantic and specifically Brazilian linguistic aspects. The Brazilian version of the FCV-19S was then applied, in a virtual environment, to 211 participants (72.98% female) with an average age of 37.07 years (SD=13.03), together with the Self-Perception Questionnaire on Mental Health in Pandemics and the Sociodemographic and Functional Questionnaire. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed one-dimensionality. The internal consistency indices obtained (Cronbach's alpha =0.921; McDonald's omega =0.926) can be considered high. The correlation between fear and obsessive thinking of the disease, generalized anxiety, generalized stress, phobic-avoidant behavior and bereavement due to the pandemic was found to be statistically significant. Evidence of the validity related to content, derived from a qualitative approach, were satisfactory. The conclusion drawn is that the Brazilian version of the FCV-19S proved to be adequate regarding the evidence of the expected validity.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar evidências de validade de uma versão brasileira da Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), com base em indicadores concernentes: (1) à estrutura interna; (2) à consistência interna; (3) à relação com variáveis externas; e (4) ao conteúdo. Procedeu-se a adaptação cultural do instrumento, com foco em aspectos semânticos e linguísticos próprios do Brasil. A seguir, esta versão brasileira da FCV-19S foi aplicada, em um ambiente virtual, em 211 participantes (72,98% do sexo feminino), com idade média de 37,07 anos (DP=13,03), juntamente com o Questionário de Autopercepção de Saúde Mental em Pandemia e o Questionário Sociodemográfico e Funcional. A análise fatorial confirmatória atestou unidimensionalidade. Os índices de consistência interna obtidos (alfa de Cronbach =0,921; ômega de McDonald =0,926) podem ser considerados elevados. Constatou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre medo e pensamento obsessivo, ansiedade generalizada, estresse generalizado, comportamento fóbico-evitativo e vivência de luto pela pandemia. As evidências de validade relativas ao conteúdo, oriundas de uma abordagem qualitativa, foram satisfatórias. Conclui-se que esta versão brasileira da FCV-19S mostrou-se adequada quanto às evidências de validade contempladas.

Evidências de validade de uma versão brasileira da Fear of COVID-19 Scale / Evidence of the validity of a Brazilian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar evidências de validade de uma versão brasileira da Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), com base em indicadores concernentes: (1) à estrutura interna; (2) à consistência interna; (3) à relação com variáveis externas; e (4) ao conteúdo. Procedeu-se a adaptação cultural do instrumento, com foco em aspectos semânticos e linguísticos próprios do Brasil. A seguir, esta versão brasileira da FCV-19S foi aplicada, em um ambiente virtual, em 211 participantes (72,98% do sexo feminino), com idade média de 37,07 anos (DP=13,03), juntamente com o Questionário de Autopercepção de Saúde Mental em Pandemia e o Questionário Sociodemográfico e Funcional. A análise fatorial confirmatória atestou unidimensionalidade. Os índices de consistência interna obtidos (alfa de Cronbach =0,921; ômega de McDonald =0,926) podem ser considerados elevados. Constatou-se correlação estatisticamente significativa entre medo e pensamento obsessivo, ansiedade generalizada, estresse generalizado, comportamento fóbico-evitativo e vivência de luto pela pandemia. As evidências de validade relativas ao conteúdo, oriundas de uma abordagem qualitativa, foram satisfatórias. Conclui-se que esta versão brasileira da FCV-19S mostrou-se adequada quanto às evidências de validade contempladas.

Abstract This study sought to analyze the evidence of the validity of a Brazilian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), based on indicators relating to: (1) the internal structure; (2) the internal consistency; (3) the relation with external variables; and (4) the content. The instrument was culturally adapted, focusing on semantic and specifically Brazilian linguistic aspects. The Brazilian version of the FCV-19S was then applied, in a virtual environment, to 211 participants (72.98% female) with an average age of 37.07 years (SD=13.03), together with the Self-Perception Questionnaire on Mental Health in Pandemics and the Sociodemographic and Functional Questionnaire. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed one-dimensionality. The internal consistency indices obtained (Cronbach's alpha =0.921; McDonald's omega =0.926) can be considered high. The correlation between fear and obsessive thinking of the disease, generalized anxiety, generalized stress, phobic-avoidant behavior and bereavement due to the pandemic was found to be statistically significant. Evidence of the validity related to content, derived from a qualitative approach, were satisfactory. The conclusion drawn is that the Brazilian version of the FCV-19S proved to be adequate regarding the evidence of the expected validity.

Jealousy and anxiety in male domestic abusers: A comparative study / Ciúme e ansiedade em homens que agridem a parceira: um estudo comparativo

The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between partner's jealousy and the anxiety level presented by male domestic abusers, comparing these variables with men of similar age, socio-economic status, and educational level, without a history of domestic violence. The sample consisted of 20 male abusers and 20 men without a history of violence towards their partner. A Batterer Semi-Structured Interview on Family of Origin; the Romantic Jealousy Scale; and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used as instruments. The groups did not differ statistically regarding age, education, and income; however, they were statistically different regarding the variables jealousy and anxiety levels. Abusers presented higher scores on jealousy and anxiety than non-abusers It is suggested that jealousy combined with anxiety may contribute to intimate partner violence. Future studies could further investigate this possibility using larger samples.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a relação entre o ciúme da parceira e o nível de ansiedade de homens perpetradores de violência, comparando essas variáveis com homens sem histórico de violência doméstica de idade, com status socioeconômico e escolaridade semelhantes. A amostra foi composta por 20 perpetradores de violência e 20 homens sem histórico de violência contra a mulher. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Roteiro de Entrevista Individual Semiestruturada da Família de Origem do Agressor, Inventário de Ansiedade Beck e Escala de Ciúme Romântico. Ambos os grupos não diferiram estatisticamente em relação a idade, escolaridade e renda. No entanto, os grupos foram estatisticamente diferentes em termos das variáveis ciúme e níveis de ansiedade. Os perpetradores de violência apresentaram maiores escores no ciúme e na ansiedade do que homens sem histórico de agressão. Sugere-se que o ciúme combinado à ansiedade excessiva pode contribuir para a Violência do Parceiro Íntimo. Estudos futuros poderiam investigar essa possibilidade com amostras maiores.

Resiliência e a promoção do desenvolvimento saudável na infância, adolescência e adultez: novas discussões dos conceitos psicológicos / Resilience and healthy development promotion on childhood, adolescence and adulthood: new discussions on psychological definitions

A resiliência é um dos construtos que tem chamado a atenção de pesquisadores em Psicologia pela sua associação com consequências positivas para o desenvolvimento. Esse trabalho apresenta uma revisão crítica do conceito de resiliência na área da Psicologia e suas implicações para o Desenvolvimento Humano. A definição atual de resiliência aponta para uma adaptação do indivíduo para situações aversivas, estressantes ou negativas. Essa adaptação pode ser promovida através de características individuais, apoio emocional e apoio social. Novas variáveis, como esperança e otimismo, merecem destaque pelos seus impactos na promoção da resiliência. Fatores de risco e proteção para o desenvolvimento da resiliência são cada vez mais abordados e utilizados como possíveis promotores de um desenvolvimento sadio. A resiliência e seus comportamentos associados devem receber atenção dos profissionais de saúde, em especial pela possibilidade de que venham a compor a rede de proteção de crianças, adolescentes e adultos.(AU)

Resilience is one of the constructs that has drawn the attention of Psychology to its association with the positive consequences for human development. This work presents a critical review the concept of resilience in Psychology and its importance for Human Development. A current definition of resilience points to an adaptation to aversive, stressful or negative situations. This adaptation can be promoted through individual characteristics, emotional and social support. Variables, such as hope and optimism, stand out because of their impact on promoting resilience. Risk and protective factors for resilience development are been addressed and used as possible promoters of a healthy development. Resilience and related behaviors should be fostered by health professionals for the possibility of forming a network of protection for children, adolescents, and adults.(AU)

Questionário sobre violência intrafamiliar: confiabilidade de um instrumento sobre crenças / Intrafamilial violence questionnaire: reliability of an instrument about attitudes / Cuestionario sobre violencia intrafamiliar: confiabilidad de un instrumento sobre creencias

O presente estudo visa analisar a confiabilidade do "Questionário sobre Crenças a Respeito da Violência Intrafamiliar". Participaram 41 estudantes de medicina e de enfermagem de uma universidade no interior de São Paulo e 39 profissionais autônomos. Testes de confiabilidade apresentaram alpha de Cronbach adequado (0,868), com resultados mais elevados retirando as questões com baixa correlação (0,894) indicando boa mensuração das crenças pelo instrumento. O teste Anova indicou que as respostas estavam relacionadas com a atividade do participante, com os estudantes classificando um maior número de afirmações de maneira adequada. Entendendo a importância de se compreender as crenças sobre violência intrafamiliar que permeiam as práticas dos profissionais da saúde, essa pesquisa investiga um instrumento para aplicação prática e clínica da avaliação de crenças em profissionais e estudantes da área da saúde.

This study aims to analyze the reliability of the "Questionnaire on Beliefs about Family Violence". Participated 41 medical and nursing students attending a university in São Paulo and 39 professionals. Reliability tests showed adequate Cronbach's alpha (0.868), with higher results removing low correlation questions (0.894) indicating good measure of beliefs by the instrument. The Anova test showed that responses were associated with the participant's activity, with students having a greater number of adequate answers. Understanding the importance of attitudes about intrafamilial violence of health care professionals, this research investigates an instrument for clinical and practical purposes on professionals and students.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la confiabilidad del "Cuestionario sobre Creencias de la Violencia Intrafamiliar". Participaron 41 estudiantes de medicina y de enfermería de una universidad de São Paulo y 39 profesionales. Pruebas de confiabilidad mostraron un adecuado alfa de Cronbach (0,868), con resultados más altos quitando preguntas de correlación baja (0,894) lo que indica una buena medida de las creencias por el instrumento. La prueba de Anova mostró que las respuestas se asociaron con la actividad del participante, y los estudiantes tenían un mayor número de respuestas adecuadas. Comprehendiendo la importancia de las creencias sobre violencia en la familia por los profesionales de la salud, esa investigación investiga un instrumento para profesionales y estudiantes con propósitos prácticos y clínicos.